Elements Of Irony In Native Son Essay

Components of Irony in Native Son Native Son paints an upsetting, cruel image of life inside the â€Å"Black Belt† of Chicago during the 1940s. Wright utilizes incongruity; some of the time unpretentiously and at different occasions clearly to shape the perspective on the peruser and as a foretelling instrument. From our underlying scene to Bigger’s passing, the strategy of incongruity utilized by Wright is viable, and pulverizing. Our underlying image which hints the destiny of our hero is the â€Å"huge dark rat† (5). The rodent speaks to the sentiments which Wright investigates inside Bigger. The rodent is executed immediately, before it truly gets an opportunity, yet it can assault Bigger before it is decimated. By assaulting as opposed to escaping, the rodent is gotten and devastated, much like Bigger as the novel advances. Much like the rodent, Bigger wavers between the ruthless (the underlying reaction to the rodent) and the pursued (the rodent as slaughtered by Bigger). The way that the rodent is wrecked by Bigger makes this scene significantly progressively amusing. The possibility of visual impairment saturates the novel in a few different ways. We can see the mental and passionate visual deficiency of Bigger, the visual deficiency to reality by the hyper-strict Ma, and the visual impairment to the genuine job and goals of the Communist party by both Jan and Mary. Maybe the best utilization of incongruity is the physical visual impairment of Mrs. Dalton. Mrs. Dalton is the exemplification of visually impaired; she has touchy faculties (she sees the smell of liquor in Mary’s room, saying: â€Å"You’re dead alcoholic! You smell with bourbon! † (86)) however she can't see Bigger murdering her little girl. Her additional touchy hearing and absence of sight give Bigger the explanation and chance to cover Mary. However, the genuine incongruity falls into the circumstance encompassing Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Dalton’s support with gatherings, for example, the NAACP. While they accept that commitments of ping pong tables to downtown youth will push, their offending cause to Bigger, combined with Mr. Dalton’s exorbitant lease charges, at last causes the demise of their girl. Greater is the most unexpected component of the whole novel. From his name, we anticipate that this character should make something out of himself, to escape from the ghettoes of Chicago and end up rich, effective and significant. Wright doesn't permit this. The possibility that Bigger will be demolished is planted into his own head and into the perusers immediately. The naming of this character is a smart gadget used by Wright, however it’s incongruity is harsh. Greater isn't unexpected essentially because of his name. His activities additionally speak to a kind of debilitated incongruity. Maybe the saddest, most debilitated showcase of this is the assault of Bessie. While we are questionable, and it is difficult to demonstrate that Bigger assaulted Mary before executing and beheading her, by assaulting and killing Bessie, a representation of Bigger as the vicious beast is made. This is significant on the grounds that it not just shapes the perspective on people in general inside the novel, yet additionally that of the peruser. Wright changes the tone expressing: â€Å"He had done this. He had brought this about† (239). Wright appears to do this for an explanation, to delineate how simple it is for the assessment of Bigger to move, yet in addition to show what a man is fit for when it is anticipated from him. The incongruity is that Bigger has, as a result, destroyed himself by killing and assaulting Bessie. He accepts that by executing her and hurling her body down the ventilation duct he will get away, however the polar opposite happens. Mama speaks to a strict and portending incongruity that follows her character all through Native Son. At the point when she cautions Bigger that â€Å"the scaffold is toward the stopping point [he] is traveling†, she is portending the destiny of her child before the finish of the novel (9). She advises Bigger to recognize his masculinity by murdering (the rodent), which shows into his executing Bessie. Through religion, be that as it may, we see the most clear and destroying incongruity spoke to by Ma. She endeavors to petition God for the spirit of her child, and gives him a wooden cross to wear around his neck. This cross, especially because of its development, seems indistinguishable from the consuming cross of the Klu Klux Klan which Bigger sees out his prison cell window. Mama has viably dismissed Bigger from Christianity everlastingly, regardless of her craving to do nothing other than spare her son’s soul. Greater winds up feeling that he â€Å"can pass on without a cross.. . [that he] ain’t got no spirit! † (338) Irony follows Bigger for a mind-blowing duration, and at last in his passing. The presentation of Boris A. Max in Native Son speaks to a change; this is the first run through Bigger has had the option to investigate a portion of his emotions, and with a white Jewish man! It is essential to take a gander at Max as a Communist and a Jew, since this makes him think according to prevalent attitude. Max can pose Bigger inquiries which are awkward, however which make him think, which at last make him a man. Max states: â€Å"You’re human, Bigger† (424). This is the main time that anybody truly says anything of this sort to Bigger. Greater perceives this and makes purpose of it, incidentally, as he is going to be killed. It is a troublesome and significant change which Wright utilizes now. Greater Thomas was bound from the earliest starting point of the novel. We could see this foreshadowed by the rodent, we could rapidly detect the incongruity in his name and his very being. The world where Bigger Thomas lived was brutal, steady in its obliteration. We learn early that Bigger couldn't beat his destiny, and we can see this in David Buckley. The head prosecutor can vanquish Bigger and increase open acknowledgment by killing him. There is an unexpected contort, in the event that we think back to the start of the novel. We can see Bigger perusing a sign with Buckley’s picture and the motto, â€Å"YOU CAN’T WIN! † (13). Tragically, we see this as obvious, with Bigger Thomas’s demise by the novel’s end. Work Cited Wright, Richard. Local Son.

Microeconomics Assignment free essay sample

Financial aspects Assignment One Part Two The flood which surprisingly happened in Australia from 2010 to 2011 in summer, attributable to the irregular measure of downpour, devastated the fundamental delivering territories of bananas in Australia, caused a huge scope decrease of bananas in Queensland. Bananas as the principal greatest selling organic product in Australian market, the principle delivering territories for the banana advertise which overflowed in the Cyclone Yasi, has made the Australian residents be worried about the lack of bananas.This article is about conversation of banana showcase in connection among gracefully and interest for bananas after the serious flood from 2010 to 2011 throughout the late spring time frame. After the flood brought about by amazing Cyclone Yasi, the way that the principle creating territories were crushed by the flood, the creation for bananas is as yet encountering an enormous scope decrease, at mean time, the interest for banana continues as before or in any event, expanding contrast with a year ago gratitude to an assumption regarding more significant expense of bananas later on. As Tony Nigro from Fresh who speaks to maker wholesalers, expressed that banana stocks at Melbourne Market were down to 15 percent of typical gracefully level contrasted with different years, arriving at the most minimal level since Cyclone Yasi crushed Queensland delivering zones in February (Cooper, 2011). Contrasted and June in a year ago, every week the providers could get 114,000 containers of bananas for each week. Be that as it may, this year, and wholesalers could just got 18,700 containers every week at a stunning cost of 13. 00 dollars for each kilogram to purchase in, and the cost in store is roughly 13. 8 dollars, and the most significant expense soar even came to 15 dollars for every kilogram, and the old cost of bananas for the most part was 1. 99 dollars a kilogram in June, 2010, henceforth, the cost in June in store is around 7-overlay the typical value a year ago (Cooper, 2011). The soaring cost is inferable from the deficiency of the bananas. The move popular bend could be brought about by numerous variables, for example, pay, costs of related products, tastes, desires and number of purchasers, change of information costs, innovation, desires, and the quantity of sellers.For model, if there should be an occurrence of a Smartphone advertise in Korea, inferable from the seismic tremor occurred in Japan in March, where supplies a few parts, components, chips to Korean market to create this Smartphone. After the seismic tremor, a few industrial facilities shut down and couldn't deliver these center parts for this Smartphone, and the Smartphone production lines in Korea can't create this Smartphone since there was a deficiency of a couple of components for creating the Smartphone.This brought about the lessening in gracefully of Smartphone in the business sectors of certain nations whose Smart telephones are delivered in Korea. Law of interest expresses that as the cost of one great increment, amount requested for the great abatements. (Gans, King, Stonecash Mankiew, 2009). The merchandise that customers decide to purchase as per their necessities and needs. As indicated by the article, Australia’s banana markets are encountering deficiencies of bananas since the Cyclone and flood crushed a large portion of harvest arrives in Queensland.The pulverized yield lands including banana ranches has altogether diminished the quantity of banana dealers in the market which came about l eft-move in flexibly bend. Prior to the Cyclone and flood, the general cost of banana was 1. 99 dollars in the store yet in the wake of encountering the flood, the amount provided of bananas decline to a great extent from 114,000 containers in Melbourne advertise a year ago during the long stretch of June to the 18,700 containers in Melbourne showcase this year in June. At the first value level of bananas, by and large there was predominant flexibly for the bananas which ascribed to bring down cost ($1. 9) of bananas. In any case, this year, after awful catastrophic event, the banana gracefully in the market was even considerably less than 18,700 containers in Melbourne advertise while the amount requested for bananas was as yet solid. Therefore, there is lack in the banana showcase. As there is a lack in the market, showcase disappointment happens. Providers will expand the cost of item as amount requested for the bananas diminishes. The cost of bananas will prop up until it arrives at where amount requested of shopper meet amount gracefully of bananas.Price ascends from 1. 99 dollars to 13 dollars and amount requested falls from114,000 to 18,700. Presently new harmony for the banana showcase has accomplished as amount flexibly and amount requested for the banana advertise has augmented. Market disappointment has fixed. From the article about the lack of bananas in Australian market and the worry brought about by the deficiency, we can figure out how connection among cost and request in showcase influences gracefully of the market. Flexibly can be changed by numerous factors.So far, in this exposition we center around how the lessening in the quantity of dealers or makers in the market can change advertise circumstance and how customers reaction to. Providers in the banana showcase increment the cost of bananas when there is a deficiency in the banana advertise. In react to the expansion in cost of bananas, buyers decline the amount requested of bananas which lead the first balance move to the new harmony of the banana advertise. By this alteration procedure of the market, we can reason that business sectors value changes as indicated by the adjustment in amount requested and amount provided for the item.

Trichotillomania Diagnosis and Treatment

Trichotillomania Diagnosis and Treatment OCD Types Print Trichotillomania Diagnosis and Treatment By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 baranova_ph / Getty Images More in OCD Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Living With OCD Related Conditions Trichotillomania, sometimes referred to as TTM or trich, is a disorder in which the affected person repeatedly pulls out hair from any part of the body for non-cosmetic reasons. Owing to the compulsive nature of this behavior, it is classified in the most recent  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder. Symptoms   According to DSM-5, trichotillomania has five distinct characteristics: Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair resulting in noticeable hair loss.An increasing sense of tension immediately prior to pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior.Pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair.The disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder and is not due to a general medical condition such as alopecia areta.The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Who Gets Trichotillomania? Trichotillomania is a relatively rare illness, affecting less than 1% of the population. Trichotillomania can affect people of all ages; however, it appears to be much more common among children and adolescents than adults. It also appears that the nature of trichotillomania depends on the age at which it begins. Young Children (Less Than 5 Years Old) In very young children, trichotillomania has been compared to other habits such as thumb sucking or nail-biting. Children less than 5 years old often pull their hair out unknowingly or even while they sleep. In the same way that thumb-sucking stops spontaneously for most children, the majority of children who begin to pull their hair at this early age will stop on their own. Preadolescents and Young Adults The most common age for trichotillomania to begin is between 9 and 13 years of age. Interestingly, the majority of people (70% to 90%) affected by trichotillomania at this age are female. Among people whose trichotillomania begins at this age, the disease tends to be chronic in nature. In addition, these individuals often have oral rituals associated with hair pulling, such as chewing or licking the lips or even the eating of hair. Adults Trichotillomania that occurs for the first time in adults may be secondary to another psychiatric illness. Addressing the main psychiatric illness may bring about an end to the secondary trichotillomania. Diagnosis Because trichotillomania can resemble other medical conditions associated with hair loss such as alopecia areta, diagnosis of trichotillomania often requires both a dermatological and psychiatric evaluation. Diagnosis may be complicated as alopecia areata itself can sometimes trigger trichotillomania. In both adolescents and adults, a trichotillomania diagnosis may be further hampered by the person’s reluctance to disclose their hair-pulling behavior. Treatment Treatment of trichotillomania is often unnecessary for very young children as they usually grow out of it. However, for people with adolescent-onset trichotillomania, treatment may be necessary, especially if it is suspected that the individual is consuming their own hair, which can cause dangerous blockages in the gastrointestinal system. Cognitive behavioral techniques have demonstrated some efficacy in treating trichotillomania. Prominent among these is habit reversal therapy. Habit reversal therapy involves self-monitoring of behaviors, improving stress  coping strategies, increasing social support and relaxation therapy. Currently, there is limited evidence that medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are effective in treating trichotillomania, so the FDA has not approved any medications for treating it.

Complaint Speech - 1384 Words

Complaint Speech (pet peeve or everyday nuisances) Time Limit: 2-4 minutes Outline: Standard format as described in lecture and text. Sample outline included below. Why we are doing this: This is a bridge from narrative to informative speaking where we use the entire speech preparation process but without the need for external research. In narrative speeches we simply relate a personal incident in the natural order of events as they occurred. We now move to another form of personal expression (complaining!) that is just as natural as storytelling, but requires a bit more analysis and preparation. We will be applying the basics of organization, outlining, introductions, conclusions, transitions, and support while continuing to practice†¦show more content†¦However, I want you to spend most of your speech time talking to your audience without a visual aid. Introduction: The introduction must have an attention-getter that leads to your thesis, and a preview of each main point in the speech. You will then offer a transition statement to clearly indicate that you are moving from the introduction to the body of the speech. Keep the intro to about :30 seconds for th is short of a speech. Conclusion: Your conclusion will contain a clear transition from your final point, a clear review of the main points you covered, and a final line that punctuates your thesis with a strong sense of graceful closure. No rambling, fading out, or abrupt endings! Delivery: Extemporaneous, with minimal dependence on notes. You should be making some improvements and developing your ability to overcome the natural tension of speech anxiety. Remember to rehearse with a checklist of delivery items and get feedback! I will be grading on improvements in eye contact, vocal quality (volume, variety/expressiveness, fluency...), posture/gesture/movement, (appearance if necessary), and use of space. Audience Analysis and Sensitivity: While I expect you to be intense and energetic in venting your complaint, you must also consider how audience members might react to your complaints. Of course there are always possibilities that you might offend someone inadvertently, but make ev ery attempt to anticipate and alter potentially offensiveShow MoreRelatedMy Rhetorical Analysis: Why Dont We Complain? Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 19, 2011 My Rhetorical Analysis: â€Å"Why Don’t We Complain?† Is pleading the 5th really the best policy when confronted with a potentially awkward situation? The reasons why many Americans choose not to take advantage of their freedom of speech still remains a mystery. â€Å"Why Don’t We Complain?†, published in the 1960’s by William F. Buckley Jr., an educated editor, writer and television host, is an attempt to persuade his audience that they are reluctant and hesitant about speaking up whenRead MoreSenior Speech1006 Words   |  5 PagesAshley Rinehart Senior Speech Final Draft Mrs. Hartman March 16, 2012 Cop Out Welcome parents, family, friends, and faculty. We are here to celebrate the accomplishments and the graduation of the Class of 2012. And I would like to give a special welcome to my classmates; well, we are finally here. As you sit here and inhale the aggregate odor of your senior class for the last time, I am sure there are many burning questions racing through your minds: â€Å"Will I find my place in the world?† IfRead MoreNews About Complaint of CafÃÆ' © de Coral1811 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Cafà © de Coral is one of the popular restaurants in Hong Kong. However, it also has some customer complaints. In this report, it will talk about one of the case of it. 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It is something that many think should end and a solution should be found. Criminalizing catcalling would not solve the problem of catcalling, but would instead cause the problems of disproportionately arresting homeless men, criminalize free speech, and make other public speaking a crime if it makes people uncomfortable. Firstly, making catcalling a crime would cause the disproportionate arrest of homeless and colored men. This issue became apparent when a video by Hollaback, an organizationRead MoreThe Freedom of Speech Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesthey thought was a main need in our society that did not necessarily exist in other cultures at that time. This main need was free speech. Since this document was put into place, the issue of free speech has been heatedly debated among the common public, big business, and worldwide industries. The government has always been the moderator in cases dealing with free speech, much like when the PMRC (Parents Music Resource Center) fought diligently to get the government to mandate warning labels on mediaRead More`` Do The Left Thing ``963 Words   |  4 Pagesorigin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age or disability. Many universities have adopted more specific policies regarding â€Å"hate speech† which prohibits speech or conduct that creat es an intimidating, hostile, or an offensive educational environment towards minorities, women, gays and lesbians, and the disabled. The problem with universities enforcing a strict speech code is that it is often a vague policy that in itself is discriminatory as it violates The First Amendment. 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The Roman Social War 91-88 B.C.

Definition: The Social War was a civil war between the Romans and their Italian allies. Like the American Civil War, it was very costly. When the Romans wouldnt grant the Italians equality, most of the allies attempted to secede, although Latium and northern Campania remained loyal to Rome. The rebels made their headquarters at Corfinium, which they renamed Italia. Poppaedius Silo headed the allied Marsic troops and Papius Mutilus headed the Samnites, altogether about 100,000 men. The Romans divided their roughly 150,000 men under the 2 consuls of 90 B.C. and their legates. The Romans in the north were headed by P. Rutilius Lupus, with Marius and Cn Pompeius Strabo (Pompey the Greats father under whom Cicero served) under him. L. Julius Caesar had Sulla and T. Didius under him, in the south. Rutilius was killed, but Marius was able to defeat the Marsi. Rome fared worse in the south, although Papius Mutilus was defeated by Caesar at Acerrae. The Romans made concessions after the first year of the war. The lex Julia gave Roman citizenship to some -- possibly all Italians who stopped fighting or just those who had remained loyal. Next year, in 89 B.C., the Roman consuls were Strabo and L. Porcius Cato. They both went north. Sulla headed the Campanian forces. Marius had no commission despite his successes in 90. Strabo defeated 60,000 Italians near Asculum. The capital, Italia, was abandoned. Sulla made progress in Samnium and captured the Italian HQ at Bovianum Vetus. The rebel leader Poppaedius Silo regained it, but it was defeated again in 88, as were other pockets of resistance. Supplemental laws gave the franchise to the remaining Italians and people of the Italian regions of Gaul by 87. There was still a grievance, though, since new citizens were not equitably distributed among the 35 tribes of Rome. Main Source:H.H. Scullard: From the Gracchi to Nero. Also Known As: Marsic War, Italian War Examples: Military preparation for the Social War took place over the winter of 91/90. It was called the Social War because it was a war between Rome and its socii allies.

My First Car Free Essays

Certain things in life usually form part of an individual memoir. Every one has them and usually one of the first things that is unforgettable or at least should be made memorable is your first car. My first car is not just a first car at that; it has been part of my history. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Car or any similar topic only for you Order Now My first car was a Chevrolet Impala 1965, with 2 doors 4 speed metallic blue. The 1965 Chevy impala is a stylish that is many to most people. From its strength, reliability, coupled with fuel efficiency and its powerful performance as a car. When you sample this you would probably begin to understand why most people and I probably rank first in that list scrambles for the Chevy Impala .model. Manufactured by general motors and one of the most successful automobile nameplate in the united, Chevrolet Impala car be described as full-sized built automobile. One of the features that I admired the most about this model was the aspect of fuel economy, like for any other consumer no one wants to buy an automobile that would be consuming more gasoline that you are ready to part with. It is supped with such features as the 3.5l v-6 Flexfuel that would cut down on your expenditure on gasoline and at the same it can run on ethanol or both. The Chevy impala is definitely one of the longest running as well as the best known names both in the underworld and the mainstream motor industry. This model has a dramatic, yet clandestine design. It is a longer and lower impala model with a carved. It is also design with a rounded body style with such features as spit grill in built with argent colored lower valence panels as well as a slim wheel opening trim. I believe there has never been a better model than this from general motors or to be specific from the Chevrolet impala series powered with a 396 cid engine with 425 hp, there was no can first that could match my taste for the kind of powerful performance that I so wanted.   I needed something that would be affordable, fuel efficient, powerful, sporty as well as classy and at the same time provided me with the kind of comfort that would be the envy of my peers.   With its 2 door and the chance to make it a convertible you would wonder why someone would opt for something else. The four speech function makes it almost unbeatable.   Considering my age, I would want something that would put me above my friends.  Ã‚   I would want to always be in front and never to be the one trailing.   The powerful 425 hp and the speech limit of the 1965 Chevy impala model first offers me the best chance to be lease at par on the road with any friends. At my age the last thing I would want to buy and own a master classic something that is respected, with rich history, but at the same time still manages to be impressive in the contemporary society and would still be appealing to most of the people of my generation. The automobile should be something I would want to keep for the rest of my life as souvenir.   With the amount of money that I have saved end I would want to make a real investment. With about $ 15,000 you certainly would think you might not be able to get the best burgains in the market. Any how when I talked to some of my friends and remembered some of the movies that I have watched, there was no better model to buy than the 1965 Chevrolet Impala. Reference: 1965 Chevrolet Impala Super sport. Retrieved on 10/10/2007    How to cite My First Car, Essay examples

A Comparison Of Biographic Features In The Sun Also Rises And The Grea Essay Example For Students

A Comparison Of Biographic Features In The Sun Also Rises And The Grea Essay t GatsbyTrevor BenderMrs. WatkinsAP Lit. and CompApril 12th, 2001The writers F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway included biographical information in their novels The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises that illuminated the meaning of the work. Although The Sun Also Rises is more closely related to actual events in Hemingways life than The Great Gatsby was to events in Fitzgeralds life, they both take the same approach. They both make use of non-judgemental narrators to comment on the lost generation. This narrator allows Fitzgerlald and Hemingway to write about their own society. Fitzgerlald comments on the jaded old-wealth society of the Eastern United States and the corruption of the American Dream. Hemingway comments on the effects of World War I on the lost generation and the hope for the future in the next generation. By adding biographical features into their novels both Fitzgerald and Hemingway are able to give their novels that extra depth because the plot of the novels are more realistic and accurately reflect the society of the times. The story in Fitzgeralds book contains basic ideas from his life, not nessesarily actual events. Several characters have biographical characterization and the novel reflects his own experiences. Hemingways novel, however, is almost entirely based on actual events that happened to Hemingway and a group of his friends. This enhances the realism of The Sun Also Rises. Fitzgerald and The Great GatsbyIn his novel, The Great Gatsby Francis Scott Fitzgerald includes many autobiographical features to enhance and illuminate the themes of the work. Certain main characters like Daisy Buchannon, Jay Gatsby, and the narrator Nick Carraway are representations of actual people from Fitzgeralds life. Fitzgerald makes use of a non-judgemental narrator to simply give the details and leave the anylasis to the reader. However, based on the details, the narrators conclusions are relatively evident. In this novel, Fitzgerald is able to write about his experiences from a different perspective and include his self in both the characters of Jay Gatsby and Nick Carraway. As in many of Fitzgeralds works, he writes about a golden girl1), the desire of every man that he couldnt have. In the case of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald creates the character of Daisy to fit this discription. In actuality the motivation for Fitzgeralds writing about the golden girl came from real events. Ginevra King was the love of young life.2) In Ginevras eyes, however, Fitzgerald was simply one of the many men in her young life and when it came time she dropped him.3)Most importantly, however, his rejection by Ginevra motivated much of his fiction.4) In The Great Gatsby, Daisy is shown by the end to be a very careless and confused who smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness and let other people clean up the mess they had made.5) This statement from the novel relates to Fitzgeralds own fealings for Ginevra who used him, then dropped him when it came time leaving Francis devastated.6) This rejection shaped Fitzgeralds view of women in general and thus affected his characterization of women. The romance between Fitzgerald and Ginevra King is also given meaning in The Great Gatsby as Ginevra King and Fitzgerald himself came from different social worlds just as Daisy and young poor Gatsby did. In both situations, the woman came from the aristocratic old money rich and the guys were respectivly poor in comparison. Fitzgerald, later in life, was from the middle class and in this way can be compared to the narrator, Nick Carraway. His social situation was the same and this perspective of the relationships between the rich and poor allowed Fitzgerald to write of his own experiences with Ginevra King. As Fitzgerald himself puts it, The whole idea of Gatsby is the unfairness of a poor young man not being able to marry a girl with money.1) An independent percpective of the relationship from the middle class allows Fitzgerald to accomplish this. Nick Carraway is the voice of Fitzgeralds rational self.2) In expressions in the novel, Fitzgerald gives light to his rational self. Thats my Middle West not the wheat or the prairies or the lost Swede towns, but the thrilling returning trains of my youth, and the street lamps and sleigh bells in the frosty dark and shadows of holly wreaths thrown by lighted windows on the snow. I am part of that, a little solemn with the feel of those long winters . . . I see now that this has been a story of the West, after all Tom and Gatsby, Daisy and Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life.3)Fitzgerald himself took trains back to the Mid-West at christmas time to celebrate and party.4) In this passage Fitzgerald also tells the truth about his views of Eastern rich society, where he didnt fit in. Landing EssayPedro Romero was developed as one of the main characters in The Sun Also Rises. Interestingly, Pedro was named after the famous eighteenth-century matador Pedro Romero.3) The Pedro from the novel fights in the old manner just as the real Pedro Romero would. His character however, was not based on the real Pedro, but instead a nineteen-year-old matador named Cayetano Ordonez, described as being slim and straight as an arrow.4) More importantly Ordonez, like both the Pedro from the novel and the real Pedro Romero, fought in the old manner and on several bulls he killed recibiendo and was hailed as the Messiah who had come to save bullfighting.5) Pedro Romero was an important symbol of hope in the novel. Ordonez, thinly disquized as Pedro Romero, was beginning to dominate the book6) Another important character in the book, Brett, was based on a real life participant in Hemingways Pamplona, Duff Twysden. Brett and Robert Cohn go on a trip together where they romanced toget her unknown to anyone else. Similarly, Harold Loeb (Robert Cohn) told Ernest that he wanted to relax by the sea at St. Jean-de-Luz before joining the others at Burgette. What he did not reveal was that he had persuaded Duff Twysden to spend a week with him in consummation of their romance.1) He didnt tell Ernest because he was afraid that Ernest might be jealous of learning that Harold had spent a week with Duff. Brett is similar physically to Duff as well. Like Brett, she wore a mans felt hat.2) The scene where Brett recieved the bulls ear from Pedro actually happened, just not to her parallel Duff Twysden. Ordonez gave the ear to Hemingways wife Hadley. She wraped it up in a handkerchief of Don Stewarts, and stored it in a bureau drawer at the pension. As it gradually ripened in the heat of July, Ernest argued that she must either throw it away or cut it up to send in letters to her friends in St. Louis.3) This same event happens in the novel to Brett, who is picked from the crowd by Pedro and presented with the ear as a prize. Similarly as his counterpart Robert Cohn in the novel, Harold Loeb was treated as an outcast due to his relationship with Duff and his constant following her around. In the novel, Mike constantly brandishes Robert with remarks about how he is not wanted and how can he not see that. In Hemingways actual trip, Harold Loeb and Duff slipped away for a drink in one of the small cafes and ended up in a Spanish clubroom where she refused to leave and Harold was forced to leave alone. The next day over the brandy that night, Guthrie suddenly told Harold to get out: he was not wanted.4) Ernest also exploded on him, You lousy bastard, running to a woman. Even while in Spain, Ernest Hemingway began writing The Sun Also Rises, at that time entitled, Fiesta.5) Originally the story was started in Pamplona at the Hotel Montoya, where the characters Jake Barnes and Bill meet Pedro Romero. Later, Hemingway changed the introduction to a start with Paris to provide biographical backgrounds for Brett Ashley, Mike Campbell, and Robert Cohn.1) There is no mistaking that the novel was based on Ernests third trip to Pamplona with a company of his friends and his wife. ConclusionBy providing biographical information in their novels The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises, both F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway are able to enhance the meaning of their work and provide extra credibility and realism into their plot. Fitzzgerald takes a rejection from his life and uses that idea to expand off from to write a social commentary on the corruption of the American Dream by the old-rich of the Eastern United States. Hemingway takes actual events from his life and used that as a basis for the plot of his novel. This enhanced the theme by describing the effect of World War I on Hemingways generation. English Essays

Geography of Sexuality

Introduction Geography of sexuality is a very interesting topic yet it only has very little significance. The topic is particularly of great interest to the sexual geographers who try to understand several issues concerning human sexuality, like the sexual desires, relations, sexual institutions as well as the differences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Geography of Sexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sexual geographers work under various terrains for instance, the theoretical as well as political terrains with various queer theory aspects. Their insights are generally materialistic and spiritualized (Adler 1992, p. 88). Different writers have different views and opinions about the issues of sexuality of differences, and this has generated major debates within the discipline. The field looks into the history of prostitution, the emergence of gay ghettos and the issues of lesbianism within the urban settin g. It also looks into major aspects of the queer theory and heterosexual geographies. Sexuality and Space The issue of Geography of sexuality is not very significant given that spaces have usually been sexualized through the formation of norms that regulate what can be termed as appropriate sexual behavior in the spaces that are usually shared. The regulations governing the same might be unspoken enforced by the authority or people’s expectations like stares. A person may for instance, be allowed to kiss on the street although rolling on the ground or flow for those in love might not be perceived as appropriate. These regulations might however differ depending on the settings. There are some practices that might not be allowed on a busy street yet it might be acceptable in a sex party. Such places give provision for more explicit sexual behavior. Another reason for the insignificance of the geography of sexuality is due to the fact that the current society seems to be mainly structured by sexuality. Homes have usually been perceived as places of comfort where one retreats from the world struggles and tussles and finds relaxation and love. These same places however usually turn out to be places of distress particularly to those who do not conform to the heterosexual perceptions like gays and lesbians. People tend to discriminate against those who do not conform to the ideas of heterosexuality. At times, even the policies that are passed do not put these minority groups into consideration.Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More National and international policies tend to discriminate against these minority groups. Taking the immigration laws for instance, there is the exclusion of queer immigrants, some of whom tend to resort to heterosexual relationships so as to benefit (Agarwal 1933:140). Society seems to be already decided on matters of sexuality and its judgm ents about the matters of sexuality; there are those sexual practices that are perceived as right and others wrong. There seems to be no ground for accommodation of other sexual practices. The efforts of sexuality geographers might therefore be rendered insignificant as they are unlikely to change people’s perceptions about s matters of sexuality hence rendering the whole issue of geography of sexuality insignificant. Sexuality geographers often look at the set norms and standards about what constitutes an acceptable sexual practice. These standards are usually set after an understanding or agreement of what can be deemed as appropriate or inappropriate. They can however be challenged. People’s actions and perceptions about sexuality are often shaped by different factors. Each space, be it the workplace, home or the nation at large is often certain gendered or sexualized perceptions that have either been shaped by these factors. This often influences people’s ac tions, as they have perceptions of what is known to be common sense in those places. All these factors are not necessarily depended on people’s geographical locations as perceived by the sexuality geographers hence rendering the whole issue of the geography of sexuality insignificant. Geography of sexuality bases its arguments on gender and sexuality all of which are human creations. Many scholars argue that the issue of gender and sexuality are just human creations, perceptions that are formed for social convenience. They are in the event normalized so that diversion from them is perceived is abnormal. Spaces have therefore tended to be hierarchically sexualized. Due to the gendering of society, it has often been challenging to categorize the bisexuals within such a gendered society. There inclusion within a geographic space has often been partial. Some sexual geographers have therefore suggested that the human desires be included in the categorization. This is due to the fa ct that people’s desires are often enacted through their bodies and this is usually specific to a certain site (Bell 1995, p. 55). This implies that geography of sexuality is insufficient in explaining the issues of sexuality and rendering it irrelevant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Geography of Sexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Heterosexuality While attempting to write about queer geography, most sexuality geographers tend to draw their ideas from the queer and social theories. They therefore tend to produce the queer interpretation, different from other disciplines. They are mainly concerned with daily social relations, space production, as well as the materiality of the queer performances. This body mainly concentrates on the identities of the bisexual, lesbian as well as the gay people. This rarely follows the logical concern of site-specific embodiment of people’s desires. This hin ders a thorough queer critiquing of the sexualities production and performance hence proving geography of sexuality irrelevant. According to the feminist geographer’s examination, patriarchal social relationships are usually reinforced by the relations of heterosexists at home or even at the workplace and other places (Bell-Scott 1993, p. 33). Geographers of sexuality have for long been reluctant to examine the spatial aspects of heterosexuality as well as their identities and desires. The examination of heterogeneity has shown that it is usually specific to given contexts. The heterosexual space is differently sexualized or even desexualized by different people and for different people at a certain time. Heterosexuals therefore usually involve themselves in different ways of self-production and surveillance. It has been found out that various aspects of heterosexuality are either more dissident or queerer than others. This has hence posed a challenge to the existing heterono rmative power relations. Deconstruction of normative heterosexuality has therefore proved difficult while using the queer theory. Geography of sexuality is therefore ineffective in addressing matters of sexuality. There are some regions where prostitution and commercial sex work has been legalized hence complicating the issue of Geography of sexuality even more. Diversity seems to be prevalent in the heterosexualised spaces. This makes the whole aspect of morality to be questionable. Sex tourism and other forms of commercial sex work have been given space across several nations. This proves that geographic complexity in the matters of sex trade. There has however been some form of coercion and regulation of sex trade due to some perceptions of morality and immorality in the heterosexual geographies. Geography of sexuality has not been able to explain the complexity of all these matters to the fullest hence proving itself insignificant. Issues of sex tourism, commercial sex work amon g others need therefore to be studied closely while trying to understand the aspects of Geography of sexuality. This proves the complexity heterosexuality in social space. Construction of heterosexuality is vital in the construction of different forms of alteration or difference.Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is an argument put forth that straight geographies are queer as well. While studying heterosexuality, focus is mainly put on the urban centers while leaving out rural areas that might have relevant statistics vital for the study. The outcome tends to be biased on such grounds (Cockburn 1983, p. 289-295). This means that the outcome of geography of sexuality findings are usually biased and limited given that the focus is on a few regions for instance the urban centers hence living out the others areas like the rural population. The implication therefore is that geography of sexuality does not fully represent the sexuality of a whole population. Taking Queer further Geographical critiquing of sexuality is also challenged due to the fact that the social and political ground on which such critiquing is done keeps changing with time hence making the issue of sexuality geography outdated and irrelevant in most of the cases. There has for instance been gay and lesbian activism in mos t western countries in the recent past as compared to some long time in the past. Some media houses have adopted the trend and they tend to focus positively on these minority groups. In some countries and institutions, the appropriate changes have been made in their laws so as to accommodate these groups. This is however not uniform across the globe. Some societies, institutions or even countries still consider gay and lesbian lifestyles as abominable and hence abhor them. The geography of sexuality of the past years is very different from that of today. There is therefore no uniformity in the whole aspect of geography of sexuality hence rendering it insignificant (Cockburn 1983, p. 488). There seems to be no uniformity in the matter of people adopting the gay or lesbian lifestyles. There seems to be a very significant difference between the gay communities of countries in the Far East and those in the western democracies. Most of the men ascribing to the gay lifestyle in a country like Indonesia for instance still had the aspiration of marrying some day. The case is different in most of the western countries as some of them for instance have even legalized a marriage institution for the gay or lesbian couples. This makes it difficult to have a clear definition of queer identity. With time the whole concept of queer: lesbian/gay may have to be redefined. There seems to be incompleteness in their identity. This has proved to be a challenge to the Geographers of sexuality as they may not be in a position to clearly define what constitutes a queer lifestyle, and whether it is depended on spatial aspects. The final implication therefore being that the geography of sexuality is irrelevant as it is not uniform across all the regions. People have tendered to define sexuality and gender with clear lines of distinction and it is believed that ones gender or sexuality must be coincide with his/her biological sex. One can therefore only be defined as male or female. This is problematic as it does not put any intermediate levels of classification. Gays, lesbians and bisexuals are therefore left out. Any deviation from these perceptions of gender or sexuality tends to perceived as being abnormality or deviance. Queer understanding of sex and gender has been made complex and there seems to be no homogeneity in the whole issues of gender or sex definitions. Transsexual activists have been pressing for their recognition as a different sex from that of male or female. This pose a challenge to the perception that one’s sex must either be male or female (Edelman1993, p. 565). Sexuality geography has not been able to address the problem as well as it has gone by the clear cut definition of gender and sexes being just two hence failing to fully address the recognition of transsexuals and queerness. This therefore implies that it is ineffective in addressing matters of sexuality to the fullest hence being irrelevant. There seems to be differences in th e Geographers of sexualities concerning issues of sexuality and gender. Contrary to the perception that all sexuality Geographers ascribe to queer definitions of sexes, some geographers in the real sense do not ascribe to the queer theory. The queer theory emerged from humanities. Its adoption within a geographical arena that is mostly social science oriented has had its own challenges coupled with problems as well as interesting points. The social sciences have been concerned with how social relations are regulated in material ways by different institutions. Sexual geographers have therefore been challenged particularly when it comes to materializing and specializing queer theory insights. Social sciences have been said to known for producing contrasting insights in to the whole issue of queer theory (Emberley 1993, p.100). The lack of uniformity in the insights concerning queerness and the fact that different sexuality geographers ascribe to different viewpoints makes the geograph y of sexuality unreliable and hence insignificant. Geography of sexuality seems to be limited in matters concerning queer geographical imaginations hence proving to be insignificant in many aspects. There has been a call to queer geographical imaginations even further. The queering should not be limited to those divides opposing materialistic world views but should be discursive and opposed to emotions and desire against mind rationality. There needs to be queer spatial ontology. The ideas should not be fixed to place. They need to put emphasis on ephemeral connections as well as the gatherings and movements. Issues of heteronormativity tend to be shaped by other factors rather than the geographic aspects, like morality and disability construction. The western sexuality ideas have tended to be globalised and most of their ideas are deemed as being acceptable. Their ideas may for instance come while packaged with foreign Aid like community project funding. Their ideas about sexuality are therefore brought into the needy countries hence defining for them what is right and wrong. This therefore renders the whole idea of the geography of sexuality biased and unviable as it never addresses such issues (Hayden 1981, p. 55). Issues of sexuality are practiced and influenced by policing differently within different regions. This causes significant differences in sexuality within different spatial locations. There seems to be no uniformity in all matters and definitions of sexuality. Some aspects of sexuality are not necessarily geographical. There are cases for instance when there are different races occupy the same geographic region and in some cases they intermarry. This renders the whole aspect of the sexuality geography to be complex and hence dangerous to rely upon hence proving to be of no importance. Using queer in trying to understand the aspects of heterosexuality has proved to be problematic as it becomes problematic to put clear boundaries between those who are straight and those who are not (Frankenberg 1993, p. 74). Queer Gender Spatialities Generational cultures seem to play a very significant role in matters of sexuality. The youth today might for instance approve gay and lesbian relationships while their parents may not necessarily approve of them. In the past years, most of the work concerning queerness was mostly directed towards criminalizing queerness. Queer sexual practices were perceived as transgression and those indulging in them were mainly called to reformation (Fine 1992, p. 333). Today there are many works that campaign for the recognition of the individuals who ascribe to the queer lifestyle. The differences in the views about sexuality may therefore be due to generational factors rather than people’s geographical locations. This therefore makes one to question where geographical sexuality comes in. Geography of sexuality may therefore in this case be perceived is irrelevant as it fails to address the issues of generational differences. Instead it focuses on spatial differences (Fuss 1987, p. 33) Geography of sexuality tends to avoid certain aspects of sex. It restricts on what can be tackled concerning sex. It brushes over the matters of sexuality without going into minute details. There are topics about some sexual practices that tend to be avoided. Some details about sex are avoided on the ground that they are so embarrassing. This limits the field as it cannot tackle the matters of sexuality to the fullest. Matters of queerness are for instance dealt with in an abstract and general form and some questions tend to be avoided. Geography of sexuality can therefore not be relied upon while looking at the minor details concerning sexuality and this makes it insignificant (Haraway 1988, p. 99). Most of the sexuality geographers are straight. They are therefore not in a position to handle the topic of queerness to the fullest. In any case, they might just be biased due to their sexual orient ation. They cannot fully represent the voice of the queer. Most of them tackle the matters of sexuality with a heterosexual mindset hence failing to understand the whole issue of queerness (Hanson 1995, p. 39). The geography of sexuality research findings and perceptions concerning the matters of sexuality are therefore inaccurate and biased hence making it irrelevant. Any Form of Research is in most cases is expected to add onto the peoples knowledge or it is aimed at finding possible solutions to human challenges. Such research usually targets a particular population or group of people. There are however numerous questions concerning the issue of Sexuality Geography. The research carried out in this case usually covers erotic subjects that some of which could be perceived as pornographic and other sexual transgressions. The major question therefore asked is whether research carried out on topics of queerness is in anyway meant to improve people’s lives. What is the purpose of such research? To who is it directed? It seems like the general purpose? Is there any reason to study erotic in sexuality geography? This therefore renders the whole aspect of geography of sexuality irrelevant and insignificant given that the topics covered are erotic and do not necessarily add value to people’s lives. Sexuality Geography usually leaves out so many aspects that affect sexuality, hence making it inefficient and insignificant in addressing sexuality issues. For instance the cultural differences play a very significant role in the issues of sexuality. Different people have varying health believes, experiences or even practices concerning the matters of sexuality. This might be depended on the person’s ethnicity physical or mental state, ethnicity, gender among others. For sexuality geography to be comprehensive, it must put such factors into consideration (Gibson 1992, p. 10). The Geography of sexuality is rich in the theoretical aspects although littl e is being done on the ground to at the health and sexuality studies intersections. Thus health and medical aspects are yet to be incorporated into the subject of queerness. Most of the medical geography is marginalized and hence excluded in the study of Sexuality geography hence making sexuality geography incomplete and hence of no importance (Gilroy 1994, p. 290). Most of the people are still shy to openly speak out especially in the countries where the people who ascribe to this kind of lifestyle meet with cruelty from religious, political and other groups. Good examples are those Islamic states where gays and lesbians may be literary killed through stoning. People from such places may therefore be very reluctant to openly speak about their sexuality due to the fear of intimidation. They may on the contrary speak lies so as to save themselves hence rendering Geography of sexuality irrelevant. Reference List Adler, S., Brenner, J., 1992. Gender and space: lesbians and gay men in the city.  International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 16, pp. 24-34. Agarwal, B., 1993. The Gender and Environment Debate. Feminist Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 119- 58. Bell, D., Valentine, G., 1995, Mapping Desire: geographies of sexualities. London: Routledge Bell-Scott, P., 1993, Life Notes: Personal Writings by Contemporary Black Women.  New York: Norton. Cockburn, C., 1983, Brothers: Male dominance and Technological Change. London: Pluto Press. Cockburn, C., 1985, Machinery of Dominance: Women, Men and Technical Know-how.  Sydney: Pluto Press. Edelman, L., 1993, Homographesis: Essays in Gay Literary and Cultural Theory. New York: Routledge Emberley, J.V., 1993, Thresholds of Difference: Feminist Critique, Native Women’s  Writing, Postcolonial Theory. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Fine, B., 1992. Women’s Employment and the Capitalist Family. London: Routledge, Frankenberg, R., 1993, White women, race matters: the social constructio n of  whiteness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Fuss, D., 1989, Essentially speaking. Feminism, nature and difference. London: Routledge, Gibson, K., Graham, J., 1992. Rethinking class in industrial geography: creating a space for an alternative politics of class. Economic Geography.  Vol. 68, No. 109-127. Gilroy, R., Woods, R., 1994, Housing Women. New York: Routledge, Hanson, S., Pratt, G., 1995, Gender, Work and Space. London: Routledge. Haraway, D., 1988. Situated knowledges. the science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. Feminist Studies, Vol. 14, pp. 575-599. Hayden, D., 1981, Seven American Utopias: The Architecture of Communitarian  Socialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. This essay on Geography of Sexuality was written and submitted by user Alia K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Forgiveness is For Life essays

Forgiveness is For Life essays This is the first time I read the Bible. Even though I ¡Ã‚ ¯ve never seen it before, it also gives me a very deep impression. The story  ¡Ã‚ ° The Parable of Prodigal Son ¡ reminds me of one person, who ever was my best friend but hadn ¡Ã‚ ¯t met for a long time. Maybe we were both so young at that time that we couldn ¡Ã‚ ¯t forgive each other. But when I am growing up, I do miss her. If I asked for her forgiveness before, I wouldn ¡Ã‚ ¯t lose her friendship. Just like the father how to treat his younger son in the story, I believe forgiveness is very important in our life. I have realized that tolerance is significant for our peaceful action with each other. Forgive what has happened in the past and no longer let it have an influence on the present and future. Why forgiveness is so important? Here are three reasons. The first reason why forgiveness is important is that it is one of the ways we can express love. Love is a deep and tender feeling of affection for, or devotion to a person, or one person for another. Like the father said to his servant when his son came back,  ¡Ã‚ ° Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him ¡Ã‚ ­bring hither the fatted calf and kill it. ¡  ¡Ã‚ °He was lost, and is found ¡(233) From these words, we can know the father forgave his son and gave him enough warmth. But in real life, many people refuse to forgive. Forgiving somebody whom you have a reason to hate is certainly not easy. Indeed we can say that it is one of the most difficult things to do in our life, like I did before. But once we decide to forgive someone wrongfully harming us, we will love him or her unconditionally. Secondly, I think it is because we ¡Ã‚ ¯ve all got faults and we often make mistakes that not only affect ourselves, but the people around us. It is possible that the person you don ¡Ã‚ ¯t forgive today will be the one you're asking for forgiveness tomorrow. So if we would rather choose revenge or punishment, it will ...

Reflection 10 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection 10 - Research Paper Example t approach between these two is the approach whereby the customer reserves flights directly via airlines websites with their personal computers since the approach avoids intermediaries (â€Å"Airline Reservation Systems†). Airline companies are the most likely segments that will use the internet to distribute airline tickets to their customers. In this case, the necessity of these airline companies to deal directly with their clients will be the guiding factor that leads them to use this approach and offer their airline tickets to the customer in order to lessen the power of intermediaries and competitively offer their services to their customers. In addition, airlines will benefit from using this distribution channel since agencies may fail to offer an airline’s tickets to customers and offer the competitor’s tickets depending on the amount of commission an agency obtained from different airline companies. The main aspect that may inhibit the success of this distribution channel is its nature in targeting customers who have access to computers and the internet. In addition, only computer literate customers will be able to carry out the procedure involved in booking a flight online without the assistance of another person. Therefore, the system leaves out potential customers who were not computer literate and customers who do not have access to the internet. Hence, airline agencies are the most suited distribution channels for these two groups that the internet distribution channel failed to serve. There is an underlying potential conflict between these two distribution channels. First, the agencies present many alternatives to customers in order for the customer to make an informed decision regarding their choice for the airline to use since an agency does not deal with one airline. Hence, this channel of distributing tickets will not meet a company’s objective of selling tickets directly to the customers since airline agencies will be selling tickets

Bible Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bible - Research Paper Example Though both Old and New Testaments reveal the qualities of God describing the creation of the heavens, earth, hell, Adam, Eve and their offspring, yet both these Scriptures differ to one another in tone and interpretation. It is therefore the image of God described in the Old Testament is considered to be the authoritative and commanding one in comparison with the God portrayed in the New Testament, where He appears to be far more benevolent, kind and merciful while making comparison with the Old Testament. The articles under study also reveal the same, according to which God appears to be stringent towards the disobedient, announcing punishments to the wrong-doers time and again, while New Testament draws out the blessings sent by Him from high heavens to His creatures. The expulsion of Adam and Eve on tasting the fruit of the forbidden tree (Genesis, 2-3), curse on Cain on killing Abel, Noah’s flood and destruction of his corrupt and defiant nation (Genesis 6-7), where God s aved the pious men and all the animals which rode on the arch (John 10:7-11), punishment inflicted upon Pharaoh for humiliating and killing the Hebrew people, and trial of the Hebrew people on worshipping the golden calf (Exodus, 32-34) show that God of Israel or Old Testament deals with the rebels with an iron hand; while God of the New Testament forgives the entire cruel nation, which left no stone unturned to cause pains and sufferings upon Jesus Christ and his companions. Not only this that God in the New Testament did not announce any penalty to the transgressors, but also Jesus himself served as the most polite and forgiving personality, and ignored the butcheries and ruthlessness of his people. Hence, this difference of attitude creates some ambiguities whether the God of OT and NT is one and the same, or they are two different gods maintaining divergent dispositions and parameters while dealing with the human beings. Bassler (1986) has made a comparative analysis of the image

Autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder Autism spectrum disorder Introduction Autism is an overall term which is used to describe a group of complicated brain developmental disorder which is also called pervasive developmental disorder. There are other pervasive developmental disorders which include pervasive developmental disorder which is not yet specified, Asperngers syndrome, Rett syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder. This group of disorders is collectively referred to as Autism spectrum disorders (Morgan, Jones Jordan, 2001). Prevalence rate The prevalence rate of the disorder is estimated to be about 0.7% among children making it more prevalent than child cancer, juvenile diabetes, and pediatric AIDS. It is reported that around 1.5 millions of persons living in the United States and other numerous millions of people around the world are suffering from autism. The United States government figures show that the prevalence of autism among its population has been rising every year. The reason for the increase has not been found, but improved diagnosis and environmental influence are considered to be the cause for the increased awareness. Male children have been reported to be more prone to the disorder as compared to the female children and are diagnosed with the condition quite frequently. In the United States it is estimated that around 1% of the boys are diagnosed with the disorder (Ehlers Gillberg, 1993) Symptoms Every individual who is diagnosed with autism has unique signs which cannot be compared to that observed in another individual. This is so because autism is a combination of disorders, one persons condition can be very severe with the other person having a slight one. The commonly observed signs in individuals with autism include seizure disorders, gastrointestinal problems, mental retardation and illness. Explanations for the existence of these problems in individuals having autism are not known. It is possible to state that these additional conditions observed is evidence of various forms of autism with each being caused by different factors (Haley, 2006). Although the conditions listed above are quite commonly observed in individuals having autism as compared to those people who do not have autism, they are not observed in everybody suffering from autism. The other symptoms observed include social and communication symptoms, sensory and motor symptoms, and personality differences (Rudy, 2009).Autistic spectrum disorders have a common social interactions, communication, and imagination which are linked to stiff, continual prototype of manners. It usually begins at birth or at the fist three years of life, but can also start later on during the childs life. The triad of symptoms can be noticed at all levels of intelligence and can be observed alone or accompanied with some other physical or even psychological disorder (Editorials. 2009) Causes The main cause of autism is not yet established with the researchers citing the main cause being idiopathic. Since the disorder has varying severity and the clinical signs associated with it, it is suggested that the condition has various causes (Novella, 2008). Researchers suspect a cocktail of factors which might be considered to cause autism and they include multiple genetic components which might cause autism alone or when combined with other environmental factors which are not yet determined (Wing Gould, 1979) The time at which the child might have got exposed to these factors is also significant, for example, before birth, during birth or even after the child is already born. Very few cases of autism can be associated with genetic disorders like Fragile X, Tuberous Sclerosis, and Angelmans syndrome. Exposure to environmental factors which are infectious like maternal rubella or cytomegalovirus, or chemicals like thalidomide or valporate at the time of pregnancy (Ehlers Gillberg, 1993) There is an increasing interest among researchers on the function of immune system in the control of autism. There have been suggestions that autism may involve inflammation in the central nervous tissues (Wing Potter, 2008). Animal studies have also produced evidence on how the immune system of the body can influence symptoms which are linked to autism. There have been organized autism talks which aim at increasing the level of awareness and also investigations of useful immunological facts to researchers who are not in that field and those within the field of autism at the community level (Haley, 2006). Previously, autism was believed to be caused by bad parenting as was proposed by Dr. Leo Kanner in 1943. Because the definitive causes of autism is not yet established, it has become clear that bad parenting is not one of the possible causes of the disorder. Dr. Bernard Rimland who founded the Autism Society of America and the Autism Research Institute enabled the medical community to appreciate that autism does not come about as a result of cold parents but from biological origin (Mauro, 2009) Reasons for the recent awareness According to the professionals in the field of child development in Britain, there has been increase in the number of children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders. Dr. Kanner was the first person to characterize autism when he described it as a condition in a certain group of children with a strange pattern of behavior noticed after birth or before attaining the age of 30 months. He later referred to the condition as early infantile autism (Editorials. 2009) Many clinicians have a feeling that there has been an increase in the number cases of autism as compared to the past. Some current studies have showed high prevalence rates for autism. According to California health and human services agency report between the years 1987 to 1998, a period in which the research was done, there was rise in the number of individuals diagnosed with the disorder (Morgan, Jones Jordan 2001). Conclusion can therefore be made that the increase in the number of individuals reported with autistic spectrum disorders can be attributed to changes in referral patterns and in the methods of diagnosis, and the much knowledge of the different manifestations of the autistic conduct (Ownby, 2008).There might also be changes in the prevalence rates either locally and internationally with the cause not being known. Failure to carry out properly resourced prevalence studies, the condition of the disorder is likely to remain bleak (Mauro, 2009) Conclusion The evidence for the increase in the autistic spectrum is not yet clear because various researches has showed conflicting figures relating to the prevalence of the disorder. The condition still requires a lot of research work to shed light in its causes, prevalence rates and its management. References : Editorials (2009). Autistic spectrum disorders. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/312/7027/327 Ehlers, S. Gillberg, C. (1993). The epidemiology of Asperger syndrome: a total population Study,Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34 (8), pp. 1327-1350. Haley, B. (2006). Vaccines and the changing epidemiology of autism. Child Care Health Dev. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://www.whale.to/a/autism_diagnosis.html Mauro, T. (2009). Autism Spectrum Disorders. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://specialchildren.about.com/od/gettingadiagnosis/g/Autism.htm Morgan, H., Jones, H. Jordan R. (2001). A Guide to Services for Adults with Autistic Spectrum Disorders for Commissioners and Providers. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://autism.bibliomaker.ch/BM_DIRECTORY/H/BM000001710/7723/JOR3.pdf` Novella, S. (2008). The Increase in Autism Diagnoses: Two Hypotheses. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from:http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/?p=95 Rudy, L. J. (2009). A Definition of Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from:http://autism.about.com/od/autismterms/f/defautism.htm Ownby, M. H. (2008). Raising Autism Awareness. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://autismaspergerssyndrome.suite101.com/article.cfm/raising_autism_awareness Wing, L. Potter, D. (2008). Notes on the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders. Retrieved on 15th December, 2009 from: http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=364a=2618 Wing, L. Gould, J. (1979). Severe impairments of social interaction: and associated abnormalities in children: epidemiology and classification Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9 (1), pp. 11-29.

Education system exists mainly

Using material from item A and elsewhere, asses the view that the education system exists mainly to select and prepare young people for their future work roles BY ant-Kuz Using material from item A and elsewhere, asses the view that the education system exists mainly to select and prepare young people for their future work roles One way to select and prepare young people for their future work roles is by selecting and allocating pupils of education a role in society, as is mentioned in item A: â€Å"it also selects and allocates them to their future work roles† which means social nequality is legitimised because of the hierarchy of society – someone has to be on top and someone has to be bottom, as is streaming encouraged in the same manner. This idea is said to be stemmed from having a meritocratic society where everyone has an equality of opportunity presented to them in education and then later on, the workplace. This is how education serves its purpose to select you ng people for their future work roles.Another way that young people are prepared and selected for their future work roles is by education giving them the â€Å"specialised knowledge and kills they will need when they Join the workforce†, as mentioned in item A. This is done by providing a trained and qualified workforce in education by the introduction of vocational courses like modern apprenticeships which combine training and part- time attendance at college, meaning that they learn on a Job as well as learning in an education environment. New Right are the sociologists which focused a lot on marketization of education which focused on encouraging competition between schools so that education would improve, providing a better work force for society and in turn, better preparing young people for their future work roles.However, one of the key functions of education is social solidarity which means individual members of society must feel like they are part of a single communi ty of people; Durkheim argues that without it social life and cooperation would not be possible as everyone would want to achieve their own selfish desires. He argues that this is taught when we learn about History and Citizenship, which give us the idea of a shared community; also it does this by passing on society's culture and continues the value consensus, which is an agreement among society members on what values are important. School acts as a ‘society in miniature' as it prepares its pupils for life in a wider society, which requires social solidarity, as we have to cooperate with people who aren't family or friends, Just like in the workplace. We have to act accordingly to a set of impersonal rules that apply to all.In item A, it is mentioned that â€Å"the family cannot equip individuals with everything they need to become fully functioning members of a large-scale society' and as family is only the start of social solidarity, the feeling of belonging in a family gro up, education is needed to push that in a ider scale (as a typical nuclear family will not be bigger than 6 or so people). This is one key tunction ot education, and it exists to encourage social solidarity as well as other factors. Marxists would argue that education has different roles in society; Althusser said that there are two ways in which the bourgeoisie keep their power, one of which is the ideological state apparatus. ISAs are the way that the bourgeoisie control people's ideas, values and beliefs, and include religion, mass media and the education system. He argues that the education system is an important ISA because t reproduces class inequality by passing it on generation to generation, therefore failing to overthrow the bourgeoisie consistently.Another reason why it's important is that it legitimises class inequality by producing ideologies that cover the true effect by making workers accept that inequality is inevitable and that they earned their place in society, th erefore if they accept these ideas, they are less likely to challenge capitalism and how it's run. This is one way that Marxists argue that young pupils get allocated roles for their future work roles, and education is there for them to accept heir role and not argue against it. Another Marxist view on education is the myth of meritocracy which is the legitimation of class inequality, which is what a capitalist society is based on so there is always a risk that those at the bottom will feel their inequality is undeserved and unfair and therefore will rebel against it.Bowles and Gintis argue that education is the reason that this does not happen, as it legitimising class inequality by producing ideologies that Justify why this inequality is fair and inevitable. Bowles and Gintis describe education ‘as a giant myth-making machine' ike the myth of meritocracy, which means that it is untrue that everyone has an equal opportunity to achieve, that rewards are based on effort and so on. A reason for achieving high income is argued to be determined more from your family and class background rather than ability or educational achievement. This serves the higher classes as it makes it appear that they gained their roles in the workforce by an equal opportunity but in reality, that is not the case, they use this to trick working class pupils to accept inequality.This means that the education system exists not nly to allocate and train young people for their future work roles but also to accept the roles they are given and for the bourgeoisie to keep their power. In conclusion, the education system exists to provide all kinds of functions to society, as well as allocation roles for young people that they will continue to have in the workforce; they are also trained for that role so they have the skills necessary to do the Job. Also, according to Marxists, education also introduces certain values and beliefs into young peoples' minds so that they accept the inequalit y that happens in a capitalist society as an everyday inevitability.

Adulthood Paper: American Beauty Essay

According to Berk, 2012, â€Å"Middle adulthood, which begins around the age 40 and ends at about 65, is marked by narrowing life options and a shrinking future as children leave home and career paths become more determined. In other ways, middle age is hard to define because wide variations in attitudes and behaviors exist.† American Beauty is a movie created by director Sam Mendes in the late 1990s. The movie focuses on the character Lester Burnham, a man in his mid-40’s going through an intense midlife crisis; he’s grown cynical and is convinced that he has no reason to go on. Lester’s relationship with his wife Carolyn is quite dysfunctional, while Carolyn works hard to make it seem as if she has full control of her life, she is going through her own crisis as well; feeling empty and desperate (MSN Entertainment, 2013). Although American Beauty focuses on other characters as well, including Lester and Carolyn’s teenage daughter Jane, Jane’s shallow friend Angela, the next door neighbor Colonel Fitts, and his son Ricky; this paper is mainly going to focus on Lester Burnham, his adulthood, and life transition. The purpose is to discuss how the main character can be viewed from a biological, cognitive, and psychosocial perspective. The paper will also discuss how the main character copes with biological changes as a result of aging, what changes occur in the family composition and lifestyle of the character, how the character copes with the idea of death, dying, and any theories on â€Å"the afterlife†. Each character within the movie has their own idea of what path they need to take to achieve happiness and what choices will lead them there. Lester is quite impulsive and makes many choices that lead him down the path of destruction. The first event that leads Lester into a midst of horrible decisions is discovering that Angela (Jane’s friend) has been lusting over him. They begin an odd and secretive relationship revolved around sexual desires. In the midst of this Lester quits his job that he had been working at for nearly 14 years and finds a new career within a fast food restaurant. He begins smoking marijuana, working out, and buys a red Pontiac Firebird; showing desire to turn back the biological process to obtain his youth again. These actions and choices Lester has been making would lead anyone to suggest that he is going through a midlife crisis. According to Bestic, 2012, â€Å"A midlife crisis represents that state when the human mind gets in conflict with the inner self. It is a natural process that results from one or more transitions in life.† From the biological perspective Lester is going through this crisis because he is in conflict with himself. His marriage is not healthy, he does not like the physical changes brought on by adulthood, has an unsatisfactory job, and finds boredom in his lifestyle routine. From a cognitive perspective Lester shows that he is well aware of what is going on around him at all times. Because he is the one who is narrating the story he tells the audience what all the other characters are up to, mainly in concern to his daughter Jane and wife Carolyn. However, he is for some reason well aware and can process situations going on with the neighbors while the neighbors cannot even comprehend what is going on in their own lives. He is quick to figure things out, and has great concepts behind some of his erratic solutions to his life’s problems. While he may not necessarily understand why his and his family’s life is on the road to destruction, he knew that things were definitely changing. Because of Lester’s midlife crisis it could be assumed he was also going through depression and feelings of carelessness. His relationship with his daughter Jane is not very great; in fact Jane claims to hate Lester. It is also quite obvious that Lester and Carolyn’s marriage was deteriorating, and Lester seems to not care much about any of the relationships in his life. According to Cherry, 2013, â€Å"Erikson believed that a strong sense of personal identity was important for developing strong relationships. Those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression.† This clearly describes why Lester has faced the problems he has in his adulthood because of his lack of personal identity. Cherry, 2012 goes on to say, â€Å"During the generativity versus stagnation stage we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career and family. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.† Mostly, Lester acts as a child stuck in an adult life, getting more depressed as the show goes on that adult life is just not turning out to be fun. He loses his job, he has not had sexual relations with his wife in a very long time, his marriage was falling apart, and he just was not finding his life very fulfilling any longer. Because of Angela, who acts as a type of stimuli for Lester, makes him realize that aging should not be the end of his life. This is when he begins to show his wife who is boss, and that he is not going to let her nag at him any longer, begins working out, smoking marijuana, leaves his job for one that will provide less responsibility, and behaving in other matters such as an adolescent or young adult would. Before Lester’s midlife crisis one would think that the Burnham family was the typical happy suburbia family. The family composition drastically begins to change once Lester begins his midlife crisis journey in search of himself and happiness. Instead of taking the orders around the house, he begins giving them. Lester and Carolyn begin to go their opposite ways although still living together, and Jane continues to be a normal teenager (angry, insecure, and confused). It seems as though the family becomes more individualistic, everyone doing their own thing, rather than as a unit. Jane does not like her father, and Carolyn’s hate toward Lester continues to grow until the end of the movie. Lester makes a statement in the movie saying, â€Å"I could die in my sleep and I would not be the only one happy.† One could assume that Lester is welcoming of death because either he has just accepted that eventually he will die, or he just dislikes his life so much that death would be a better alternative. In conclusion, middle adulthood comes with its’ own trials and tribulations. Depending on how an individual has developed in previous stages of their life can determine how they will respond to the transition of adulthood. There are many perspectives including biological, cognitive, and psychosocial theories that conclude how individuals develop and adapt during these transitions. There are many changes that occur during adulthood that can affect the family composition, how the individual copes with biological changes as a result of aging, and how they perceive the idea of death and dying. Lester Burnham is simply a prime example of what it is like for a man in his mid 40’s to go through a midlife crisis during his middle adulthood transitions. References Bestic, V. (2012). What is a midlife crisis: Understand the urge to start again. Retrieved from http://psychologicaldisorderscenter.com/what-is-a-midlife-crisis/ Cherry, K. (2013). Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/psychosocialtheories MSN Entertainment. (2013). American beauty: Synopsis. Retrieved from http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie-synopsis/american-beauty.3/

How to Find Old SAT Scores

If you took the SAT a million years ago, you may have thought that by walking away from the testing site, you were done with that phase of your life forever. On the contrary, if you try to continue your education or nab an entry-level job, your SAT scores could be a big boost in your resume if your job history isnt substantial.   What if you went right into a trade, bypassed college, and are now considering enrolling in an undergraduate program? Do you even remember which college admissions test you took? (The ACT is often confused for the SAT) Or what a good SAT score  even is? If any of this sounds like you, then you will need those SAT score reports, and heres how to go about getting them.   Settling an Old Score Finding your old SAT scores only takes a few steps. Remember which college admissions test you took: ACT or SAT.  ACT: Your ACT score will be a two digit number from 0 to 36.SAT: Your SAT score will be a three or four digit score between 600 and 2400. The current scale started in March 2016 for the Redesigned SAT, which uses a different scoring system, with a maximum of 1600. Since the SAT has changed quite a bit in the last 20 years, the score you may have received in the 80s or 90s would be scaled a bit differently now.Request a score report from the College Board.  By mail:  Download the  request form  and mail it to SAT Program / P.O. Box 7503 / London, KY 40742-7503. Youll need to know your personal information at the time of testing, like your street address, and will also need to choose recipients to whom youd like the SAT scores sent.  By phone:  For an additional fee of $10, you can call to order archived SAT score reports at  (866) 756-7346 (domestic), (212) 713-7789 (international), (888) 857-2477 (TTY in th e U.S.), or (609) 882-4118 (TTY international).Pay the fee for your old SAT score reportThe archive retrieval fee for old SAT reports is currently $31.  Each report will cost you $12, so that amount needs to be multiplied by the number of recipients youre sending the report to.Additional fees ($31) apply for rush delivery.Wait for your score reports to arrive! Within five weeks of receiving your information, the College Board will mail your score reports to you and to the score recipients youve listed on the form.   Tips to Speed Up the Process Get some information together before you get on the phone or fill out the score request sheet. Youll need details like your name and address at the time of SAT testing, your approximate test date, college, and scholarship program codes for recipients of your scores, and your credit card number.  Write legibly on all required forms, preferably in all caps. Youll delay the scores if you choose to write sloppily.  Remember that since your scores are older, the tests may have changed and the score reporting services will send a letter stating that fact to the institution in which youre interested. So, even though you may have earned top ranks for the year you tested, your score back then may not mean the same thing as the scores of today. Contact the College Board to explain if youre confused about the scoring scale and differences.Pay an additional (optional) $31 rush service fee.